Prepositional Phrases function as either ADJECTIVES or ADVERBS. When you diagram them, hook them under the word they modify. The preposition goes on the slanted line, the object of the preposition goes on the horizontal line, and any adjectives describing the object go under it. See the picture.

Direct Objects Answer the Question WHAT? after an Action Verb

I ate pizza. Ate WHAT? Pizza

She hit the ball. Hit WHAT? Ball

The Direct Object receives the action of the Direct Object.

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A verb phrase is a helping verb plus a main verb.
Examples: did walk, will go, have been waiting,

When you are identifying a verb, you must include the Helping Verbs!

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Not is not a verb; it's an adverb!

When you are identifying the verb phrase in a sentence, if there is an adverb between the helping verb and the main verb, don't include it in the verb phrase.

Example: The cake is not rising.
Verb: is rising